The Lafayette Escadrille was deployed on April 20, 1916 and was made up of American pilots who in the spirit of the Wright brothers could not be kept from the skys in war. Some of these controversial pilots hoped to inspire the end of American neutrality, some felt a strong sense of duty to support their European allies, and others wanted the opportunity to hone their fighting skills. They saw their first action at the Battle of Verdun under the symbol of the screaming sioux. Later with the joining of the US in WWI, the pilots were incorporated into the American Air Force. Of course in French style, an arch was created in their honor outside of Paris. The following link has some awesome primary source newspaper articles from the Library of Congress:
http://www.loc.gov/rr/news/topics/escadrille.html